Rules for some common reduced forms or words and phrases to improve spoken English


Reduced forms of written words and phrases are often  shortened by dropping certain sounds by the native speakers during conversation and discourses.  For people learning English as second language, efforts are to be made and practice is to be done to catch reduced forms of English words and sound more natural while speaking English.

 Common rules and examples

  •  Ending with /a/ sound = gotta, wanna (to as a); Shoulda, woulda, coulda, oughta, mighta (have as a); Kinda, sorta, Lotta, lottsa (of as a); couldya, wouldya (you as ya)
  •  Two-word phrases ending with:  ing+to= nna ( e.g gonna); ve+me=mme (e.g gimme); t+me=mme (e.g lemme); t+no=nno (e.g dunno)
  •  Three-word phrases ending with are+you as  ayu) : How ayu
  • Three- word phrases ending t+do+you as addya (e,g  Whaddya do) 

Other examples

  • Because= ’Cuz  
  •  Come on = C’mon

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